12 AWG Wire: Ampacity, Uses & Specs | PES Supply
12 AWG Wire — Ampacity, Uses & Specifications
12 AWG copper wire is rated for 20-25 amps. Used for kitchen circuits, bathroom outlets, and 20A general purpose circuits. Also used for LED lighting runs over 50 feet.
12 AWG Wire Specifications
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| AWG Size | 12 |
| Ampacity (60°C / 140°F) | 20A |
| Ampacity (75°C / 167°F) | 25A |
| Resistance (Ω/1000 ft, Copper) | 1.588 |
| Wire Types Available | THHN, THWN-2, XHHW-2, USE-2, PV Wire, NM-B (Romex), MC Cable |
| Typical Breaker Size | 20A (60°C) or 25A (75°C) |
Common Applications
12 AWG copper wire is rated for 20-25 amps. Used for kitchen circuits, bathroom outlets, and 20A general purpose circuits. Also used for LED lighting runs over 50 feet.
Voltage Drop Reference (12 AWG Copper, 240V)
| Distance (ft) | VD @ 25A | % Drop | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 ft | 1.99V | 0.8% | Good |
| 50 ft | 3.97V | 1.7% | Good |
| 100 ft | 7.94V | 3.3% | Warning |
| 150 ft | 11.91V | 5.0% | Upsize |
| 200 ft | 15.88V | 6.6% | Upsize |
Compatible Breakers and Outlets
For 12 AWG wire at 75°C rating (25A), use a 25A double-pole breaker (240V circuits) or 20A single-pole breaker (120V circuits at 60°C rating).
Related Wire Types
- THHN/THWN-2: For conduit runs, rated 90°C dry / 75°C wet
- NM-B (Romex): For indoor residential wiring, rated 60°C
- MC Cable: Metal-clad, for commercial and exposed runs
- USE-2 / PV Wire: For solar and direct burial, rated 90°C
- XHHW-2: For wet/dry locations, rated 90°C